![]() ![]() Using a spare Juno I (a modified Jupiter-C with a fourth stage), the two organizations then launched the United States' first satellite, Explorer 1, on January 31, 1958. They carried out three successful sub-orbital flights in 19. The team lost that proposal to Project Vanguard, and instead embarked on a classified project to demonstrate ablative re-entry technology using a Jupiter-C rocket. ![]() In 1954, JPL teamed up with Wernher von Braun's engineers at the Army Ballistic Missile Agency's Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, to propose orbiting a satellite during the International Geophysical Year. At various times, it carried out rocket testing at the White Sands Proving Ground, Edwards Air Force Base, and Goldstone, California. It also developed a number of other weapons system prototypes, such as the Loki anti-aircraft missile system, and the forerunner of the Aerobee sounding rocket. ĭuring JPL's Army years, the laboratory developed two significant deployed weapon systems, the MGM-5 Corporal and MGM-29 Sergeant intermediate-range ballistic missiles, marking the first US ballistic missiles developed at JPL. In 1944, Parsons was expelled due to his "unorthodox and unsafe working methods" following one of several FBI investigations into his involvement with the occult, drugs and sexual promiscuity. In a NASA conference on the history of early rocketry, Malina wrote that the work of the JPL was "considered to include" the research carried out by the GALCIT Rocket Research Group from 1936 on. Millikan, Martin Summerfield, von Kármán, Frank J. Theodore von Kármán sketching out a plan on the wing of an airplane. The project took on the name Jet Propulsion Laboratory in November 1943, formally becoming an Army facility operated under contract by the university. In 1943, von Kármán, Malina, Parsons, and Forman established the Aerojet Corporation to manufacture JATO rockets. In 1941, Malina, Parsons, Forman, Martin Summerfield, and pilot Homer Bushey demonstrated the first jet-assisted takeoff ( JATO) rockets to the Army. In the early years of the project, work was primarily focused on the development of rocket technology. Army financial support for this "GALCIT Rocket Project" in 1939. Malina's thesis advisor was engineer/aerodynamicist Theodore von Kármán, who eventually secured U.S. Together, they tested a small, alcohol-fueled motor to gather data for Malina's graduate thesis. Forman, often referred to as the "Suicide Squad" due to the dangerous nature of their experiments. Smith, along with Jack Parsons and Edward S. This initial venture involved Caltech graduate students Frank Malina, Qian Xuesen, Weld Arnold and Apollo M. ![]() JPL traces its beginnings to 1936 in the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology (GALCIT) when the first set of rocket experiments were carried out in the Arroyo Seco. History The "Suicide Squad" of (left to right) Rudolph Schott, Apollo Milton Olin Smith, Frank Malina, Ed Forman and Jack Parsons testing the first liquid-fueled rocket engine. JPL's Space Flight Operations Facility and Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator are designated National Historic Landmarks. It is also responsible for managing the JPL Small-Body Database, and provides physical data and lists of publications for all known small Solar System bodies. It is also responsible for operating the NASA Deep Space Network.Īmong the laboratory's major active projects are the Mars 2020 mission, which includes the Perseverance rover and the Ingenuity Mars helicopter the Mars Science Laboratory mission, including the Curiosity rover the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter the Juno spacecraft orbiting Jupiter the SMAP satellite for earth surface soil moisture monitoring the NuSTAR X-ray telescope and the forthcoming Psyche asteroid orbiter. The laboratory's primary function is the construction and operation of planetary robotic spacecraft, though it also conducts Earth-orbit and astronomy missions. Founded in 1936 by Caltech researchers, the laboratory is now owned and sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and administrated and managed by the California Institute of Technology. Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL) is a federally funded research and development center in the City of Pasadena, California, United States. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (the United States) Show map of the United States ![]()
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